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Left 4 Dead 2

Revision as of 15:26, 17 September 2010 by Dream Focus@legacy41592783 (talk | contribs) (1 revision: not all of them are here so mass import)
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Left 4 Dead 2
File:Left4Dead2.jpg
Developer(s) Valve Corporation
Publisher(s) Valve Corporation
Designer Mike Booth
Engine Source (Build 4281, 28 July 2010)
status Status Missing
Release date Release Date Missing
Genre First-person shooter, survival horror
Mode(s) 4-player Cooperative multiplayer, 4-vs-4 multiplayer, Single-player
Age rating(s) BBFC: 18[1]
CERO: Z
ESRB: M
PEGI: 18+
USK: 18+ (heavily cut, uncut is indexed)[2][3]
Platform(s) Microsoft Windows[4], Xbox 360
Arcade system Arcade System Missing
Media DVD ROM, digital download
Input Inputs Missing
Requirements See development
Credits | Soundtrack | Codes | Walkthrough

Left 4 Dead 2 is a cooperative first-person shooter game. It is the sequel to Valve Corporation's award-winning Left 4 Dead. The game launched on November 17, 2009, for Microsoft Windows and Xbox 360 in the United States; it launched November 20 in Europe.[5] It builds upon the cooperatively-focused gameplay of the original and uses Valve's proprietary Source engine, the same game engine used in Left 4 Dead. The game made its world premiere at E3 2009 with a trailer during the Microsoft press event.[6]

Like the original, Left 4 Dead 2 is set during the aftermath of an apocalyptic pandemic, and focuses on four survivors fighting against hordes of the infected. The survivors must fight their way through levels, interspersed with safe houses that act as checkpoints, with the goal of reaching a rescue vehicle at the campaign's finale. The gameplay is procedurally altered by an artificial intelligence engine dubbed the "Director" that monitors the players' performance and adjust the scenario to provide a dynamic challenge. Several new features have been introduced: new types of infected, melee weapons, and a story-arc that connects the game's five campaigns together.[7]

When it was announced, it received a combination of positive and negative critical and community reactions. It also attracted an unusually high volume of pre-release controversy about the game's graphic content. In response, alterations were made to the cover art[8] and the Australian Office of Film and Literature Classification refused to rate the unmodified edition.[9]

Plot

Left 4 Dead 2 introduces four new survivors, whose backstory is provided through dialogue. Unlike the first game which had no significant story development, Left 4 Dead 2 features a story arc[10] set in the Southern United States which starts in Savannah, Georgia and ends in New Orleans, Louisiana.[6][7] The four survivors have to fight their way through the hordes of infected, using safehouses along the way to rest and recuperate, in order to reach extraction points.

File:250px-C2m2 fairgrounds.jpg

The amusement park in the campaign "Dark Carnival."

After climbing to the roof of a hotel in Savannah to be rescued, the survivors find themselves abandoned by helicopters, and so make their way to the local mall, after hearing word of a second evacuation point there ("Dead Center"). After a brief encounter with a gun store owner, Whitaker (voiced by Dayton Callie), the survivors discover that the mall is overrun, and use a stock car to bust out of the mall and travel towards New Orleans. On their way there they encounter the survivors featured in Left 4 Dead at the portside town of Rayford ("The Passing"), before finding the highway completely blocked by wrecked vehicles. The survivors are then forced to travel through a still-operating (but abandoned) amusement park, and start a huge fireworks-and-lights show used by the rock band, The Midnight Riders, in order to attract the attention of a helicopter pilot ("Dark Carnival"). After being rescued, they realize their pilot has been infected. Nick is forced to kill him, which causes the helicopter to crash into a bayou ("Swamp Fever"). They find brief shelter in a plantation mansion and make radio contact with a boat captain named Virgil who can get them to rescue, but he needs additional diesel fuel to make it to New Orleans. Amid a torrential downpour, the survivors go ashore, make their way through an abandoned sugar mill to a gas station to get fuel supplies, and return to the boat ("Hard Rain"). Virgil takes them to New Orleans where the military appears to be evacuating civilians. The group head to the extraction point, but discover that the military is actually bombing bridges to cover their retreat ("The Parish"). The survivors then make their way across a lift bridge amid a mass of infected and board the last military helicopter leaving the city before the bridge is destroyed.

Although the survivors' fate after evacuation is left unexplained, Chet Faliszek, the game's writer has said that the military is taking survivors to cruise ships in an attempt to escape the worldwide infection.[11]

Gameplay

Like its predecessor, Left 4 Dead 2 is a first-person shooter with a heavy emphasis on cooperative gameplay. The game presents six new campaigns, each composed of three to five smaller maps. In the first two to four maps of any campaign, the survivors attempt to reach a safehouse, while the final stage requires the survivors to call for rescue and either survive a prolonged onslaught until rescue arrives, pass through an especially challenging gauntlet of infected to reach a rescue vehicle, or collect and deploy fuel cans to facilitate an escape.

Each survivor can carry one main weapon,[12] and either a melee weapon, or single/dual pistols as a secondary weapon. Though melee weapons cause extra damage to the infected when struck, the survivors can use any other weapon or item for weaker melee attacks and to temporarily push the infected back. Players also carry a flashlight, but may startle the infected. They may also carry a single first aid kit or defibrillator, Ammo packs, Pain pills or adrenaline. They may also carry a single throwable weapon — Molotov cocktails to set an area on fire, pipe bombs, and "Boomer" bile, which can be thrown at infected to cause them to turn on each other.

Because many of the special infected can quickly finish off a survivor if they are not rescued, the game encourages players to stay and work together to traverse the level safely. To enable situational awareness of other players, players are shown the health and status of their fellow survivors. If a player does not have direct sight of another survivor, they will be shown the survivor's highlighted silhouette. As they take more damage from zombies, players move slower. If a survivor takes too much damage, they become incapacitated, and can only fight off the infected using pistols until rescued by another survivor. If a character dies, they remain dead until the next level, unless revived by a defibrillator, or, in Campaign mode, reappear in a "rescue closet" to be freed by the other survivors. Should all the survivors be killed or incapacitated, or if all the human-controlled survivors die, the game is over, and players must restart that level.

Left 4 Dead 2 retains the three game modes of the original game—Campaign, Versus, and Survival—and adds a new game mode called Scavenge. In Campaign mode up to four human players fight against the computer-controlled infected to make their way between safe houses; any survivor not controlled by a human player is controlled by the computer. In Versus mode up to four other human players take control of the various Special Infected who try to prevent the Survivors from reaching the next safe house. The two teams swap sides once per chapter and are scored based on their play through as Survivors. Versus mode typically requires at least 1 human player on each team. Survival mode is a timed challenge where the survivors are trapped in a section of the campaign maps, and try to survive as long as possible against an unending onslaught of infected. In the new four-on-four Scavenge mode, the survivor players are required to collect and use as many of the sixteen gas canisters scattered about a level to maintain fuel in power generators, while the infected players attempt to stop them.[13]

The game also features a "Realism" mode, which can be enabled at any difficulty for either campaign or versus modes. The realism mode removes some of the video game aspects from the gameplay: survivors are not able to see the silhouettes of their teammates; if they die, they can only be revived with a defibrillator kit and will not respawn later in the level.[14] Damage dealt to Infected is also changed, with headshots dealing more damage to enemies, rather than limb or body shots, making gameplay even more of a challenge.[15] Designed to force players to work closely together and rely on voice communication, the realism mode was created to give players a way "to be challenged as a team" without having to increase the difficulty level of the game.[14]

A new game mode called "Mutation" was added as part of the first major add-on for the game, "The Passing". This mode is dynamic and will be updated weekly by Valve to feature new game play ideas. The first week featured a "Realism Versus" mode, which combined the features of the "Realism" and "Versus" modes.[16] "Realism Versus" mode proved popular with players leading Valve to introduce it as a permanent gameplay mode.[17] Other Mutations have included forcing the players to use only melee weapons like the katana or chainsaw, reducing the number of Survivor players to 1, or increasing the number of special infected that could be generated by the Director.

Characters

Survivor characters

File:Left 4 Dead 2 Cast.jpg

The survivors of Left 4 Dead 2, shown on the poster for the "Dead Center" chapter. Left to right: Coach, Ellis, Nick, Rochelle.

Left 4 Dead 2 features a new cast of human survivors, which include Coach (voiced by Chad Coleman), a portly high-school football coach with a bad knee; Nick (voiced by Hugh Dillon), a stoic gambler and conman; Rochelle (voiced by Rochelle Aytes), a low-level production assistant reporting on the evacuation for a local television station; and Ellis (voiced by Eric Ladin), a laid-back (and rather talkative) mechanic. [7] While the game is intended as a continuation of the original, occurring one week after the first game begins, Valve decided to create a new group of survivors because of the change in location.[18] In addition to the four playable characters, Left 4 Dead 2 also features a supporting character in the form of Virgil (voiced by Randall Newsome), a Cajun boat captain, who appears (voice only) in the game's final three chapters. This differs from the original game, where NPCs made little more than a single appearance.

Infected characters

File:Left4dead2 screen.jpg

Coach fighting an infected in a hazmat suit

The infected in Left 4 Dead 2 are largely unchanged from Left 4 Dead. While also referred to as zombies, the infected are humans that have contracted a mutated strain of a virus, though neither the source nor nature of this infectious agent are made clear. The most numerous infected encountered by the survivors are the "common infected". Though individually weak they can swarm and overwhelm the survivors. Damage to the infected In Left 4 Dead 2 is portrayed more realistically, with bullets tearing off bits of flesh and, in some cases, limbs.[19] A new addition to Left 4 Dead 2 is the "uncommon infected" unique to each campaign. By virtue of equipment worn before infection or mutation they possess an ability that separates them from the common infected. In the Parish campaign, for example, the player encounters infected wearing riot gear, making them almost impervious to gunfire from the front, while Dead Center features infected with Hazmat suits which are immune to fire.[20]

As in the first game, there are "special" or "boss" infected in addition to the common infected whose mutations grant them special attacks that make them much more dangerous. The presence of such infected nearby is hinted at by sound effects or musical cues unique to each type. The five special infected from the first game return in Left 4 Dead 2, some with modified behavior and skin models. They are: the Boomer, a bloated infected whose vomit and bile (which may be released at will and upon death) blinds the player briefly and attracts a horde of common infected; the Hunter, an agile infected that can pounce on survivors from great distances; the Smoker, an infected that can ensnare survivors with its long tongue from a distance and, upon death, releases a cloud of smoke that obscures vision; the Tank, a gigantic, muscular infected that is powerful and difficult to kill; the Witch, a passive female infected who, when provoked by loud sounds, light, or proximity of survivors, will attack her provoker - she is able to incapacitate or kill in one hit.[21] In Left 4 Dead 2, the Witch now has the ability to wander aimlessly in daylight.[7][21]

Several new Special Infected are introduced in Left 4 Dead 2, all of which are playable in versus and the new Scavenge game mode.[7][22][23][24] The Charger, an infected with an enormously mutated right arm, can charge into the survivors and seize and separate one survivor from the others while pummeling them in to the ground the survivor is helpless until one of their teammates helps them. The Spitter can project balls of stomach acid that splatter across an area, quickly eroding the survivors' health as long as they remain within it and the longer they stay in it the faster their health drops. The Jockey can jump onto the back of a survivor and steer them into other infected or terrain traps while scratching up their face.

In introducing the new Infected, the development team had to consider how the new abilities would mesh with the existing Infected and any changes they had made to them.[25] One discarded idea for a new Infected included the "Leaker"; the creature, when having taken damage, would shoot out spouts of goo at the survivors, and then would be able to self-detonate like the Boomer. However, this sacrificial act would have given survivors time to escape, and the idea was dropped, though features of the Leaker were built into the Spitter.[25]

The Director

As in the first game an artificial intelligence system called the A.I. Director drives gameplay by procedurally spawning enemies, weapons and items based on the players' performance. In Left 4 Dead 2, the Director has been improved to encourage more participation by players, forcing players through difficult gauntlets to reach the extraction point. It also has the ability to alter elements of the level such as placement of walls, level layout, lighting, and weather conditions, making each play session unique.[7] The Director now rewards players for taking longer or more difficult paths through each episode by providing more useful equipment, such as incendiary or explosive ammo, along these riskier paths.[6]

Production

Development

Template:VG Requirements Development for Left 4 Dead 2 started shortly after the release of the first game—following a short break—building on ideas from the development team to make the next game "bigger and better".[7][26] The game was given the code name "Carnation" to prevent revealing its details before its official announcement.[27]

Chet Faliszek stated that Left 4 Dead 2's story would explore more of the world of the game, and that Valve had created a full story for the cause and effects of the infection pandemic, including terms that they have used for the AI Director.[27] Each campaign was purposely designed with a different feel; however, all five campaigns were mapped out at the same time by the entire team to provide the narrative flow and ensure the uniqueness of each campaign.[25] The team used a Left 4 Dead dictionary developed to describe level design and flow within the game to provide a common language for developing the levels.[25]

Left 4 Dead 2 contains about 7800 unique lines of dialog, a 40% increase over Left 4 Dead.[28] The writers designed the characters and selected appropriate voice actors who had natural accents for their lines, and allowed the actors freedom to help authenticate the roles. They would attend recording sessions for the voice actors and allow them to ad-lib their lines for their characters, often getting new ideas for character dialogue to be recorded later, particularly in the case of Ellis (voiced by Eric Ladin) and Nick (Hugh Dillion).[29] Randall Newsome, the voice of the boat captain Virgil, was a local actor from Louisiana who naturally spoke cajun and helped to embellish the role better than the writers could.[29] Rochelle Aytes was the second actress cast as Rochelle. Valve had to recast the first actress, but they kept some of her screams as Rochelle's dialogue within the game in addition to Aytes' lines.[29] Faliszek wanted to include a "no-nonsense" woman from a Department of Motor Vehicles, but this character did not make the cut.[27] The developers solicited several bands to include them in the game; Depeche Mode responded eagerly, and allowed Valve to use their music and other imagery in the game, such as on Rochelle's T-shirt.[30]

In development, the programmers wanted to find a way to provide more variation and visual effects for the players, though were already strained by memory limitations on the Xbox 360 for Left 4 Dead. One key development factor was recognizing a way to create greater variation in the appearance of the common infected through a number of modeling and rendering tasks. Simple changes of the underlying geometry of the model, either the head or the body, with the resulting affects on the texture mapping was one means to create apparent variation. Another means was created by using different head textures along with various blood and dirt maps, and similarly different wounds applied to the body texture. A final means to alter the tone of both the skin and the clothing worn by the infected. As a result, a single infected model could have up to 24,000 variations within the game. This allowed Valve to effectively only keep 2 to 6 common infected core models in memory for each level, leaving only the unique infected for each campaign and the special infected as their own unique models. As a result, the memory use for the infected dropped by 50%.[28] Valve's programmers also sought how to better represent damage the players did to the infected by showing inflicted wounds in the appropriate location and in a manner based on the weapon used, allowing for the inclusion of more resilient infected creatures in advanced game modes. They had simulated this in Left 4 Dead by have five possible character models that would result from a fatal attack, but felt this could be advanced further. Already limited by memory concerns on the Xbox 360 that prevented further variations on the core infected models, the team devised a system of using textures with transparencies combined with ellipsoid culling from any infected character model to simulate the wounds, with several graphical process simplifications to avoid taxing the rendering system. This allowed them to simulate up to 2 such wounds on each infected using only 13% of the memory resources of the based system in Left 4 Dead.[31]

Another visual aspect that the Valve team explored was the rendering of water, particularly in the "Swamp Fever" campaign which takes place mostly in a large swamp area. Valve found early playtesters would become confused with the large, tree-covered map, but by adding hints of water movement in the direction they were to go, there was a significant reduction in players becoming lost on the map. The water maps were created by using the 3D animation tool, Houdini, against their landscape maps to create realistic water flow patterns as surface maps. These surface maps were then applied in a "flowing" manner instead of the scrolling manner used in previous games. These water effects were further expanded upon for Valve's next game, Portal 2.[32]

Doug Lombardi, vice-president of marketing for Valve, noted that the SDK released for Left 4 Dead would also be compatible with Left 4 Dead 2.[33]

Promotion

PC and Xbox 360 players who pre-ordered Left 4 Dead 2 through participating retailers gained early access to the game's demo, which was released on October 27, 2009 for Xbox Live and October 28, 2009 for PC players, and an exclusive baseball bat melee weapon to be used in game.[34][35] Pre-ordering the PC version of the game through the Steam network also unlocks Bill's beret from Left 4 Dead for use in the PC version of Team Fortress 2.[36] The demo became available for all PC and Xbox Live Gold users on November 4, 2009 with Xbox Live Silver users gaining access on November 11, 2009.[37] The demo features the first two maps in "The Parish" campaign.

On October 5, 2009, Valve announced that Left 4 Dead 2 would be promoted by a $25 million advertising campaign, exceeding the $10 million that supported Left 4 Dead. The campaign includes television advertisements during sporting events, on billboards and magazines; and more aggressive advertising for Europe.[38]

Post-release and downloadable content

Left 4 Dead 2 was released on Steam on November 17, 2009.[39] Retail copies were made available some days after, depending on the country.[40]

In March 2010, Valve announced that it would be bringing the Steam content platform to Mac OS X computers; along with it, they will be providing native versions of existing Valve games including Left 4 Dead 2 and its predecessor. The games will support cross-platform play, allowing Mac players to play alongside PC players on the same servers, and will also be part of its "Steam Play" cross-compatible and Steam Cloud titles, allowing a player that has purchased the game on one platform to download and play it on the other platform for free.[41] The Mac OS X client is expected to be released by October 2010.[42]

Shortly after the release, Valve launched a mock website for The Midnight Riders, a fictional rock band referenced in the Dark Carnival campaign.[43][44] This led to speculation that The Midnight Riders could become playable characters in an update, as there are four members in the band, and guitars are featured as weapons in the game. Valve has yet to address these rumors.[45]

Add-on campaigns

On December 14, 2009, Valve announced the first DLC installment for Left 4 Dead 2, "The Passing".[46][47] Though initially planned to be released sometime in March 2010, "The Passing" was released on April 22, 2010.[48] The content costs 560 Microsoft Points for the Xbox 360[47] and is free for PC users.[49]

The campaign, taking place between the "Dead Center" and "Dark Carnival" campaigns, features the cast of Left 4 Dead 2 meeting with three of the survivors from the original Left 4 Dead. The new group learns that the fourth original survivor, Bill, sacrificed himself to allow his comrades to continue on safely; the title "The Passing" is referring to Bill's passing, as well as the brief passing encounter between the two groups and of the first group of survivors "passing the torch" to the next.[50] "The Passing" contains references to other zombie-themed works, including the games Dead Rising[51] and Plants vs. Zombies,[52] and the movie 28 Days Later.[53]

Unlike "Crash Course", the two-map downloadable campaign for the original Left 4 Dead, "The Passing" is a three-map campaign. Expanding on the gameplay of Left 4 Dead 2 and tying it to the original game, "The Passing" features a crossing of paths in a small Georgia town between the player-controlled survivors of Left 4 Dead 2 and the computer-controlled characters surviving from the original game.[54] The campaign introduces a new uncommon infected in the form of the 'Fallen Survivor', a well-equipped zombie that may drop useful items, but instead of attacking, runs away from the players.[55] The add-on also features two new weapons, an M60 machine gun which becomes unusable once depleted of ammo, and a golf club for melee.[47]

A prequel to "The Passing", entitled "The Sacrifice", will be released in October 2010 as an add-on for both Left 4 Dead and Left 4 Dead 2. This prequel tells the events leading to the meeting of the two groups of survivors in the "The Passing" from the vantage point of the Left 4 Dead characters. However, players will be able to determine which character will sacrifice themselves for the others to safely continue on, instead of the forced choice of Bill as seen in "The Passing".[42]

Valve will also provide the full "No Mercy" campaign from Left 4 Dead as a Left 4 Dead 2 campaign.[42]

Mutations

New game modes, "Mutations", have been offered every week after "The Passing"'s release; these game modes alter the conditions of play.[49][54] These "Mutations" are only available for a single week at a time, though Valve has added the popular "Realism Versus" mutation to the game as a permanent game mode. Other mutations will be available for voting to make encore appearances every four weeks following the popularity of the "Last Gnome on Earth" mutation.[56]

Community modification support

Similar to Left 4 Dead and other Source-engine based games, a number of players have constructed new maps, campaigns, and other variations for Left 4 Dead 2, supported by Valve through their software development kit for the game.[57] With the kit, players have found ways to include the original Left 4 Dead campaigns into Left 4 Dead 2.[58] Players have also found ways to increase the number of survivors up to 16, duplicating the graphics for the existing survivor characters as needed.[59] In August 2010, Valve announced that it will promote selected community generated maps, one every two weeks, both by blog posts on their official site, and by offering the map on a number of their dedicated servers.[60]

Controversy

Left 4 Dead 2 has been a central issue in a number of critical discussions regarding its timing and its graphic and mature content. John Walker of UK-based gaming website Rock, Paper, Shotgun has theorized that this is due to higher expectations for Valve, due to the perception of its status as an industry leader.[61]

Boycott

The weekend following the game's announcement at the 2009 E3 Convention, some Left 4 Dead players called for a boycott of Left 4 Dead 2 and formed the Steam community group called "L4D2 Boycott (NO-L4D2)" which grew to over 10,000 members by the end of that weekend,[62] and reached more than 37,000 about a month later.[63][64] In addition to a lack of further Left 4 Dead content, they were concerned with the characters, visuals, and music shown in the E3 demonstration video, feeling these were inappropriate to the first game's aesthetics, and that the release of the sequel so soon after the first game would fracture the community.[62][65][66]

In response to these complaints, Valve marketer Doug Lombardi stated that the announcement of Left 4 Dead 2 at E3 should not be taken to indicate that Valve would no longer support the first game.[63][67] He asked the community to "trust [them] a little bit," and told them that while their team was eager to get new material to players of Left 4 Dead, they determined that a sequel would be the best option for several reasons:[33] the demand for new campaigns, enemies and weapons could not be met as a simple DLC;[33] both Faliszek and project lead Tom Leonard found that too much of the content relied on each other, making it very difficult to release incremental patches in the same style as Team Fortress 2;[26][27] the development team liked the idea of rolling up the content into a sequel to be released a year after Left 4 Dead's release.[26] Faliszek stated that Newell was skeptical of the idea when the team brought the sequel forward, but still allowed the project to go through.[27]

In September 2009, Valve flew out two of the boycott group leaders to playtest Left 4 Dead 2; the boycotters felt that the sequel was well done. This opinion was not shared by some of Steam boycott group.[68] This event, through a series of correspondences made in jest, shortly led to Valve's Gabe Newell and designer Erik Johnson flying to Australia to visit "Joe W-A", a Left 4 Dead modder. Newell jokingly reported that Valve was "boycotting" Joe's new mod for the game when Joe asked when he would be flown to Valve in the same manner as the Left 4 Dead 2 boycotters, but whimsically offered that if Joe was to pay to fly him to the country, he would take a look at it. Joe was able to raise the required funds, $3000, through donations through his website, though ultimately Newell paid for the trip himself, with Joe's collected donations going to the Child's Play charity.[69][70]

On October 14, 2009, the boycott groups' leaders announced that they had ended their boycott and were shutting down the 40,000-plus group because Valve was retaining their promise of additional content and fixes for Left 4 Dead, such as the recent release of the "Crash Course" campaign. The leaders also believed that the group itself, losing its purpose, was now being used just to bad-mouth Valve and other players. A substantial number of group members promptly derided the leaders as sellouts and suggested they were bribed into complacency by Valve.[71] In a video interview posted on October 29, 2009, Gabe Newell said, "for people who joined the Boycott Group on Steam ... they're actually pre-ordering the product at a higher rate than Left 4 Dead 1 owners who weren't in the Boycott".[72]

Cover art

File:Left 4 Dead 2 UK cover.png

The UK version of the box art shows the back of the hand facing away to avoid offense.

Valve was forced to alter their original cover art for the game by the ESRB; the original image depicted the series' iconic hand with its little finger, ring finger and the thumb torn off which would thus have the index finger and middle finger remaining. It was deemed too explicit, but to appease the ESRB, Valve changed the image so that the fingers were merely bent back instead, but they were still able to include the torn-off thumb in all regions except for Japan and Germany, where it had to be censored.[8]

The cover was further changed for release in the United Kingdom, as the two-finger sign with the back of the hand faced toward the viewer is considered an insult; the UK cover features the hand facing the opposite direction to avoid this.[73]

The hand is modeled after Valve artist, Andrea Wicklund.[74]

Racism accusations

Willie Jefferson of the Houston Chronicle, after seeing initial promotional material for the game, considered that several of the infected "appear to be African-Americans" implying a racist approach to the game, and also noted that "setting the game in a city that was a scene of dead, bloated bodies floating by" some years after the impact of Hurricane Katrina was "a bad call".[75] Faliszek, commenting on Jefferson's claims, considered the supposition to be "utter insanity", and commented that the infected are a mix of all races, and that the game's version of New Orleans is "not a brick-for-brick representation" of the city and were not trying to make any statement about it with the game.[76][77] A writer for Kotaku considered that "Jefferson's seemed to me to be picking a fight where none exists."[78] Others noted that the appearance of African-American infected simply reflected the racial diversity of New Orleans.[79]

Australian ban

See also: Classification of video games by the Australian Office of Film and Literature Classification

Left 4 Dead 2 was refused classification in Australia by the Office of Film and Literature Classification (OFLC). It failed to gain a MA15+ rating, the highest possible rating for video games, thus preventing the sale of the game within the country.[9] In its report, the OFLC cited the reason for refusing classification as "The game contains violence that is high in impact and is therefore unsuitable for persons aged under 18 to play."[80] However, a small number of members of the OFLC board believed the game could merit the MA15+ rating which was used to publish the first Left 4 Dead. It was expected that changes could be made to the game, as had to be done with Fallout 3, to allow the game to be classified as MA15+ and thus sold in Australia.[81] Both Lombardi and Newell were "surprised" by the classification refusal.[82][83] Valve appealed the OFLC's decision about a week after being notified of the ruling, comparing the sequel to its predecessor, which had been classified as MA15+, and the mature ratings the sequel had received from similar rating organizations around the world.[84] However, as the appeal process, expected to end on October 22, was close to the planned release date, Valve submitted a modified version of the game for classification addressing the concerns the OFLC has stated.[83] This version, which no longer contained images of "decapitation, dismemberment, wound detail or piles of dead bodies", was classified as MA15+ by the OFLC, thus allowing for the game's release in Australia, though Valve and Electronic Arts still hoped to have their preferred, unmodified version classified by the OFLC for release.[85] The appeal of the decision to deny classification to the unedited version of the game was conducted by the independent Classification Review Board, and resulted in the previous ruling to deny classification being sustained. The Classification Review Board cited "insufficient delineation between the depiction of zombie characters and the human figures" as one of the key factors in its classification refusal.[86]

File:Zombielurchsydney.jpg

"Zombified" gamers involved in the Epic Zombie Lurch

Left 4 Dead 2's classification refusal, as well as for other recent games such as Fallout 3 and Aliens vs. Predator, has reignited debate over the current prohibition of sale and exhibition of video games for mature audiences.[87] On November 14, 2009, approximately 170 people participated in the "Epic Zombie Lurch" protest in Sydney, Australia, organised by local video gamers in protest of the lack of an R18+ rating for video games in Australia.[88] In mid-December 2009, the Australian government sought public opinion on the adult classification rating for video games, despite statements by South Australian Attorney General Michael Atkinson believing the issue to only affect a minority of the country's citizens.[89] Following Atkinson's decision to leave the Attorney Generals to be replaced by John Rau, who is reportedly in favour of an R18+ rating[90], Valve have revealed that, should the bill be passed, they plan to release an uncensored version of Left 4 Dead 2 for PC in Australia.[91]

German ban

In order to achieve the highest possible rating given by Germany's Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle (Freigegeben ab 18 Jahren gemäß § 14 JuSchG, meaning 18+), Valve had to heavily censor the game's violent content similar to the Australian version. However, the international (and thus uncensored) version was indexed by the Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien on December 1, 2009 in order to prevent sellers from advertising or selling it to minors. On February 15, 2010, the Amtsgericht Tiergarten confiscated all European PC versions for violation of § 131 StGB (representation of violence), meaning they may not be sold; however, it is still legal to import (with the risk that the game is confiscated by customs) and own the game. The court said that the game trivializes violence due to its high killing rate and explicit graphical representation of mutilation. They also sensed a strong cynical attitude behind the game's concept.[92] to make up for the censorship, German players receive exclusive weapons ported from Counter-Strike: Source, these include the H&K MP5, Accuracy International AWM, SIG 552, Steyr Scout and a combat knife.

Reception

 Reception

Left 4 Dead 2 received strong positive reviews from game journalists, praising the changes made with the new melee weapons and firearms, the new strategies introduced through the new special infected, and the details of the southern locale and individual campaigns compared with the campaigns of the first game. Ars Technica praised the game's replayability and the attention put in every detail.[103] Libération also praised the game, commenting that Valve was one of the last game studios making games geared toward hardcore PC gamers.[104] IGN considered that the game improved on the first in every way, and that anyone who liked the concepts introduced by the first game should buy the second.[101] Eurogamer also praised the game, and considered that it was "overflowing with personality".[98] Left 4 Dead 2 received the Best Xbox 360 Game award at the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards. The game has been nominated for the "Outstanding Achievement in Game Play Engineering", "Outstanding Achievement in Online Game Play", and "Action Game of the Year" Interactive Achievement Award from the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.[105]

Technical issues

The Xbox 360 version of the game was noted at launch for having serious issues with lag and slowdown in online game modes, the majority coming from using the game's dedicated servers. According to Valve, these problems were due to an unexpectedly huge number of players online on Xbox Live.[citation needed] It was shortly fixed after release by a server infrastructure change and adding new dedicated servers.[106]

Valve acknowledged problems with the PC version of the game upon launch, including inability to install the game, or users finding it crashes within minutes.[citation needed] The current version of Left 4 Dead 2 is 2.0.3.3, with most users reporting success with bug fixes.

Sales

Pre-release sales estimates for Left 4 Dead 2 were positive. As of July 2009, Left 4 Dead 2 ranked fifth in purchase intent out of all upcoming games, with 6 out of 10 polled stating that they would buy the game.[107] According to Lombardi, pre-orders for the sequel within the month following the announcement were double those for Left 4 Dead at the same time relative to release date.[108] In a press release on October 5, 2009 Valve announced that, based on the strength of pre-orders, they expect Left 4 Dead 2 to be the fastest selling product in the company's history, with the game's pre-release sales averaging 300% greater than Left 4 Dead.[38] In an interview in November 2009, Chet Faliszek claimed the number of pre-sales of Left 4 Dead 2 were four times that of the original game.[109]

On December 1, 2009, Valve reported that more than two million retailed copies of Left 4 Dead 2 were sold in two weeks, which represents "more than double" the sales of the original game's two week debut.[110] According to the NPD Group, the Xbox 360 version was the fifth best-selling retail title for consoles in November 2009, with over 744,000 copies sold.[111]

In February 2010, Electronic Arts, Left 4 Dead 2 retail distributor, revealed that the game had sold 2.9 million on retail so far.[112]

See also

  • List of undead-themed video games

References

  1. ↑ Left 4 Dead 2 rated 15 by the BBFC. British Board of Film Classification (2009-10-06). Retrieved on 2009-10-06
  2. ↑ Left 4 Dead 2 Gewaltvergleich Uncut gegen deutsche Version GameStar. GameStar.
  3. ↑ Eilentscheidung zu zwei Computerspielen. BPjM.
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Steam App 550
  5. ↑ "Valve Announces Left 4 Dead 2". Valve. 2009-06-01. http://store.steampowered.com/news/2552/. Retrieved 2009-11-05. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 E3 09 Live Game Demos at GameSpot. GameSpot (2009-06-02). Retrieved on 2009-06-02
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Walker, John (2009-06-01). Left 4 Dead 2: Exclusive RPS Preview. Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved on 2009-06-01
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Pigna, Kris (2009-06-17). Valve Changed Left 4 Dead 2 Cover to Appease ESRB. 1UP.com. Retrieved on 2009-06-17
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ramadge publisher=News.com.au, Andrew (2009-09-17). "Left 4 Dead 2 refused classification in Australia". news.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0,28348,26086374-5014239,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-17. 
  10. ↑ Kill Southern zombies with four new characters in Left 4 Dead 2. Joystiq. Retrieved on 2009-09-07
  11. ↑ Left 4 Dead 2 Interview: Chet Faliszek. GameSpot (2009-06-03). Retrieved on 2009-12-05
  12. ↑ Ocampo, Jason (2009-07-09). Left 4 Dead 1 & 2 Compared. IGN. Retrieved on 2009-09-25
  13. ↑ Faylor, Chris (2009-10-07). Left 4 Dead 2's New Multiplayer Mode Revealed. Shacknews. Retrieved on 2009-10-07
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 EG Expo 2009 Developer Sessions: Left 4 Dead 2 Q&A (Flash video). Eurogamer (2009-11-03). Retrieved on 2009-11-03
  15. ↑ Left 4 Dead 2 Realism Mode Preview. eduChalk (2009-10-29). Retrieved on 2009-10-31
  16. ↑ Mutations. Valve Corporation (2010-04-21). Retrieved on 2010-05-05
  17. ↑ Anderson, Joe (2010-05-09). Valve: Realism Vs. mode is here to stay. VG247. Retrieved on 2010-05-09
  18. ↑ Interview: Valve's Doug Lombardi. Joystiq. Retrieved on 2009-09-07
  19. ↑ McInnis, Shaun (2009-09-05). Left 4 Dead 2 Updated Hands-On Impressions. Gamestop. Retrieved on 2009-09-07
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  35. ↑ Grayson, Nathan (2009-10-29). Left 4 Dead 2 PC demo off to a shambling start. VG247. Retrieved on 2009-10-29
  36. ↑ Good, Owen (2009-11-02). Preorder Bonus Puts L4D Headwear in Team Fortress 2. Kotaku. Retrieved on 2009-11-03
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  44. ↑ Left 4 Dead 2's Midnight Riders get a gloriously bearded teaser page. Joystiq (2009-11-19). Retrieved on 2009-11-20
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  48. ↑ Left 4 Dead 2 - "The Passing" Now Available on Steam! Plus Save 33% until Monday. Valve Corporation (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2010-04-22
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  67. ↑ Yoshida, Shuhei (2009-07-02). Left 4 Dead 2 Interview. Computer and Video Games. Retrieved on 2009-07-25
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  104. ↑ Cario, Erwan (2009-11-19). « Left 4 Dead 2 » prend aux tripes. Libération. Retrieved on 2009-11-19 “As soon as I arrive, I'm aimed towards the playroom. Visiting the studio? Meeting the upper staff management? I will see later. Valve people do not imagine for a minute that a journalist may have cross half the globe for something else than playing the game fifteen days before the others. As if the game spoke for itself, as if it was carrying a speech far more powerful than any of those who participated in its birth. It is probably true.”
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